Crushing equipment is a kind of mechanical equipment specialized in crushing large materials into particles or powder, which occupies an important role in many industrial production processes. The working principle of this type of equipment is to rely on the role of mechanical force, through the specific structure and operation mechanism of the equipment, so that the material under the action of force to overcome its own cohesion, to achieve the goal of particle size reduction. With the funny material processing ability, the crushing equipment greatly improves the efficiency and quality of the subsequent processing link, and is widely used in mining, construction, chemical industry, metallurgy and other fields, becoming an indispensable basic equipment in industrial production.

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Classification of Crushing Equipment
Jaw Crusher

Jaw Crusher

Jaw Crusher is a commonly used equipment in the field of coarse crushing, it relies on the movable jaw plate and the warp office to squeeze the material to be crushed, simple structure and take into account the durability of the feed opening is large, and it can deal with all kinds of hardness of granite, basalt and other large pieces of material. In mining, it is often used as the primary crushing equipment to crush the large ore just extracted.

Cone Crusher

Cone Crusher

With the help of the pressure between the rotating conical crushing wall and the fixed crushing wall to crush materials, specializing in medium and fine crushing operations, suitable for processing iron ore, cobblestone and other medium hardness of ore and rock, crushing uniformity of the finished product size, simplified structure to facilitate the maintenance of the adjustment.

Impact Crusher

Impact Crusher

Crushing is realized by the impact of high-speed rotor and fixed plate on the material, which is used for medium and fine crushing, especially suitable for materials with medium hardness, such as granite, limestone, and so on. It is capable of crushing materials with compressive strength up to 350 MPa, and the crushed particles are cubic in shape, which meets the requirements of construction grain shape.

Impact Crusher

Impact crusher

Rely on high-speed movement of the hammer to impact the material to be crushed, commonly used in medium and fine crushing of limestone, gangue and other brittle materials. The stone material falls into the high-speed rotating turntable, crushed by centrifugal force and target stone impact, strong crushing capacity, high efficiency, good particle shape.

 

 

How to Select Crushing Equipment?

1、Define Material Characteristics

 Hardness: Measured by Mohs hardness scale (soft rock < 5, medium-hard rock 5–7, hard rock > 7)

 Particle Size Composition: Maximum feed particle size, mud content, moisture content

 Abrasiveness: Anti-clogging design is required for abrasive or cohesive materials

 Cohesiveness/Moisture: Anti-clogging design is required for high-moisture or cohesive materials

2、Determine Processing Capacity

 Define the hourly throughput based on project requirements

 Consider peak load and continuous operation capability

3、Requirements for Discharge Particle Size

 Final product particle size range (e.g., 0–5mm, 5–20mm, etc.)

 Whether particle shaping is required (e.g., manufactured sand)

4、Crushing Stage Division

 It is usually divided into the following stages:

 Primary crushing (Feed size > 500mm, Discharge size 100–200mm): Jaw crushers, Gyratory crushers

 Secondary crushing (Feed size 100–300mm, Discharge size 20–60mm): Cone crushers, Impact crushers

 Tertiary/Ultra-fine crushing (Discharge size < 20mm, even < 5mm): Short-head cone crushers, Vertical Shaft Impact (VSI) crushers, Roll crushers, etc.

 

Comparison of Common Equipment Types

 

Device Type

Applicable phase

Feature

Applicable materials

Jaw crusher

Rough crushing

Simple and reliable structure, but poor particle shape

Various types of rocks and ores

Gyratory crusher

Rough crushing

Large processing capacity, continuous feeding, high investment

Large scale mines

Cone crusher

Medium/Fine

High efficiency, good particle shape, suitable for hard rocks

Medium to extremely hard material

Impact crusher

Medium/Fine

Good particle shape, suitable for soft and medium hard materials, but with many vulnerable parts

Limestone, coal gangue, etc

Vertical impact crusher

Fine crushing/sand making

Excellent particle shape, capable of producing sand, suitable for plastic surgery

Below medium hardness or sand making

Double Roll Crusher

Trivial

Uniform discharge, but small processing capacity

Coal, salt, fertilizer, etc

 

Application scope of crushing equipment

Mining industry

After the ore is mined out, the crushing equipment will process the raw ore, whether it is open pit or underneath the mine, the crusher will crush the large ore to the right size after crushing, which is convenient for the subsequent beneficiation and grinding, and to improve the utilization rate of the ore and the efficiency of beneficiation.

Construction industry

In the production of construction aggregate, the crusher crushes limestone and other stone materials into stone and mechanism sand, which is used in the production of concrete and mortar for houses, roads, water conservancy and other infrastructure projects. The crushing equipment turns waste concrete into treasure through crushing and screening.

Chemical industry

In chemical production, many raw materials need to be crushed to meet the reaction and process conditions. Plastic processing, the need for large pieces of plastic originally crushed into small particles, easy to follow the melt; fertilizer production crushing of phosphorus, potassium and other raw materials to increase its surface area, conducive to participation in the reaction, improve production efficiency and product quality.

Energy industry

In the coal industry, the crusher crushes the coal into the appropriate particle size according to the user's needs, such as to meet the requirements of the power plant boiler combustion, improve combustion efficiency and reduce energy consumption. In the field of biomass energy, the crusher crushes straw and wood chips to increase the surface area and enhance the fermentation efficiency.

Mining industry
construction industry
Chemical industry
Energy industry
The process of replacing parts of crushing equipment

To determine the need for replacement

Regular inspection of the operating conditions of the equipment, observe the crushing effect, product size, vibration, measurement and evaluation of the wear parts, in order to determine the need to replace parts. 

Choose suitable parts

According to the crusher model, specifications and the original parts of the technical parameters of the matching parts, to ensure that the material, size, performance in line with the requirements of the equipment. 

Replacement procedure

Shut down and cut off the power supply before replacement, large crusher to set warning signs, safety support devices and other protection. 

After the replacement of debugging

Parts need to be replaced after debugging equipment. First no-load test run, observe the operation, check whether the parts are firmly installed, there is no abnormal vibration, noise. 

FAQ

Q: How to choose suitable equipment according to the characteristics of materials?

A: When choosing equipment, you need to consider the material hardness, particle size, humidity and composition. For high hardness materials, we should try jaw crushing for coarse crushing first, and then use cone crusher for fine crushing to cope with high strength by extrusion crushing. Medium hardness materials, impact crusher is suitable, impact crushing can get high quality granular products. Brittle materials, high-speed impact crushing with hammer crusher, humidity of more than 10% of the material, to avoid easy to plug the impact profiler, optional jaw crusher and with drying equipment. For viscous materials, choose roll crusher with anti-sticking design.

Q: What is the key to daily maintenance of crushing equipment?

A: Maintenance is centered around “reducing wear and tear and ensuring operation”. Lubrication system maintenance is the core, regularly check the oil quantity and quality of bearings, gears and other parts, jaw crusher eccentric shaft bearings 8 hours to make up for a grease, cone crusher thin oil lubrication system once a month to change the filter element. Check the wear and tear of jaw plate, hammer head and other wearing parts every week, and the wear of tooth plate exceeds one-third of the original thickness to turn over or change in time. Keep the equipment clean, clean up the residual material in the crushing cavity to prevent rust and blockage; check the fastening bolts to prevent loosening; regularly calibrate the equipment level and verticality to ensure smoothness.

Q: How to deal with material blockage in crushing?

A: Once found clogging to immediately shut down and disconnect the power to prevent the deterioration of the fault. First clear the feed opening of large pieces of material or foreign objects, if necessary, crowbar or crane. If the blockage in the crushing chamber, remove the access door to manually clean up, check the liner, screen mesh deformation. Exclude the blockage to find the cause, feed fast then adjust the feeder parameters; high humidity of the material is fed before screening or drying; screen mesh hole is small then change the appropriate screen.

Q: Crushing equipment suddenly vibration causes and solutions?

A: Common causes include rotor imbalance (uneven wear of hammer head, etc.), loose ground bolts, bad bearings or too hard materials. To solve the problem, stop the machine first, calibrate the foundation of the machine with a level meter, and tighten the foot bolts; dismantle the rotor parts, and replace the worn parts to restore the balance; check the temperature and clearance of the bearings, and replace the bearings and make up for the lubricating grease if there are strange noise or stagnation; if the materials are mixed into the super-hard materials (e.g. iron), add an iron remover or a grille at the feeding port.

Q: How to extend the life of wearing parts of crushing equipment?

A: Start from “reduce wear and tear” and “optimal use”. Pre-treatment and screening of materials to remove impurities, control the feed size does not exceed the maximum size of the equipment. Feed the cone crusher at 80% - 90% of the rated capacity. Choose high wear-resistant material wearing parts, regular turning or rotation. Keep the crushing chamber lubricated to reduce dry friction.

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