In the ore processing process, secondary crushing is the key link in the mining crushing production line. It is responsible for further refining the materials after the primary crushing, preparing for the subsequent fine crushing and grinding processes. The following will introduce in detail several common medium crushing equipments for mining crushing and their working principles and characteristics.
Cone Crusher
Working Principle
When a cone crusher is in operation, the rotation of the electric motor drives the cone part through a pulley or coupling, a transmission shaft, and an eccentric sleeve to perform a pendulum motion around a fixed axis. This causes the crushing wall of the cone crusher to alternately approach and recede from the surface of the mantle fixed on the adjusting sleeve. As a result, the ore within the crushing chamber is continuously subjected to impact, extrusion, and bending forces, achieving the crushing of the ore.
Performance Characteristics
Large Crushing Ratio
It can efficiently crush materials with large particle sizes into smaller ones, meeting the strict particle size requirements of secondary crushing, and reducing the load on subsequent processing equipment.
Uniform Product Particle Size
The produced materials have high particle size consistency, which is conducive to subsequent processes such as screening and classification, and can improve the stability of the overall production process and product quality.
Advanced and Reasonable Structure
It adopts advanced eccentric sleeve design and high-quality components such as bearings, ensuring the stability and reliability of the equipment under high-load operation, reducing equipment failure rates, and prolonging the service life of the equipment.
High Degree of Automation
Equipped with an advanced control system, it can real-time monitor the operating status of the equipment, such as parameters like oil pressure, oil temperature, and material level. It can also automatically adjust the equipment operating parameters according to preset conditions, achieving intelligent operation.
Application Scope
Suitable for crushing various ores and rocks with high hardness, such as iron ore, copper ore, granite, basalt, etc. It is widely used in metal mining, construction aggregate production and other fields, especially performing excellently in secondary crushing processes with high requirements for product particle size and shape.
Impact Crusher
Working Principle
The impact crusher can process materials with a side length of less than 100 - 500 millimeters, and its compressive strength can reach up to 350 megapascals. After the materials enter the crusher, they are impacted by the high-speed rotating rotor and thrown toward the impact plate. They are repeatedly struck and crushed between the impact plate and the rotor, and finally discharged from the outlet with the required particle size.
Performance Characteristics
Large Crushing Ratio
It can significantly reduce the particle size of materials, and ideal secondary crushing product particle size can be obtained through one-time crushing, which reduces the links in the crushing process and improves production efficiency.
Cubical Finished Products
The crushed materials have regular shapes, mostly cubical particles with low needle-like and flaky content, which can meet the strict requirements of industries such as construction aggregates for product particle shape and enhance the market competitiveness of products.
High Processing Capacity
The equipment has a reasonable structural design. The high-speed operation of the rotor and the large crushing chamber volume enable it to adapt to large-scale material processing needs, making it suitable for secondary crushing operations in large mines and stone processing plants.
Convenient Maintenance
It adopts a modular design, and key components are easy to disassemble and replace, reducing maintenance time and costs. At the same time, the vulnerable parts of the equipment are made of high-quality wear-resistant materials, which prolongs the service life and reduces operating costs.
Application Scope
It is mainly suitable for crushing brittle materials with medium hardness or below, such as limestone, dolomite, shale, coal gangue, etc. It is widely used in industries such as cement, building materials, and highways.
Hammer Crusher
Working Principle
The hammer crusher drives the main shaft and turbine to rotate at high speed through the motor. The hammer plates on the turbine strike the materials at high speed, causing the materials to be crushed by the impact force. Inside the crushing chamber, the materials are also subjected to grinding and shearing between the hammer plates and the screen plate, which further refines their particle size. Finally, the materials that meet the particle size requirements are discharged through the screen plate.
Performance Characteristics
High Crushing Efficiency
The high-speed operation of the hammer plates imparts a strong impact force to the materials, enabling rapid and effective crushing with large production capacity to meet the needs of large-scale production.
Large Crushing Ratio
It can crush large-sized materials into smaller particle sizes in one pass, reducing the number of crushing stages and simplifying the process flow.
Simple and Compact Structure
The overall structure of the equipment is relatively simple with a small number of components, facilitating installation, debugging, and maintenance, and reducing the difficulty and cost of equipment maintenance.
Certain Drying Function
For materials with a certain moisture content, during the crushing process, heat generated by the high-speed impact of the hammer plates and the friction between the materials and internal components of the equipment can evaporate part of the moisture, which is beneficial for subsequent processing.
Application Scope
Suitable for crushing various brittle mineral materials such as coal, salt, chalk, gypsum, alum, bricks, tiles, limestone, etc. It is commonly used for secondary crushing of raw materials in industries such as coal, chemical engineering, and power.
Roll Crusher
Working Principle
The two rollers of a roll crusher rotate toward each other. Materials are fed from above the rollers and drawn into the crushing chamber between the two rollers by the frictional force on the roller surfaces. The materials are crushed by the squeezing and grinding action of the rollers, and the crushed materials are discharged from the lower part. The particle size of the product can be controlled by adjusting the gap between the two rollers.
Performance Characteristics
Uniform Discharge Particle Size
By precisely adjusting the gap between rollers, it can stably produce products with uniform particle sizes, meeting application scenarios with high requirements for product particle size accuracy.
Low Over-crushing Rate
Since materials are mainly subjected to squeezing and grinding rather than strong impact, less over-crushed materials are generated. This can effectively improve resource utilization.
Simple Structure
The equipment is composed of main components such as rollers, frames, and transmission devices. With a relatively simple structure, it is convenient for maintenance.
Low Energy Consumption
Compared with some equipment relying on high-speed impact crushing, the roll crusher has lower energy consumption during operation and relatively low operating costs.
Application Scope
Suitable for primary and secondary crushing of brittle lumpy materials in industries such as cement, chemical engineering, electric power, mining, metallurgy, building materials, refractories, and coal mines.
Different types of secondary crushing equipment for mining vary in working principles, performance characteristics, and application scopes. You can select the most suitable secondary crushing equipment based on specific production requirements, material properties, budget, and other factors to ensure the efficient and stable operation of mining crushing operations.
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